Health Constructs and Measurement
V. Personal/Social/Environmental
Resources (Contextual Variables)
Household income, Assets
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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Health and
Retirement Survey (included economic measures) |
Income included
respondent and spouse combined. |
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Indicator
variables were: Income of
$10,000 or less in past year, $10,000 or less in total net worth, private
health insurance, and Medicaid insurance. Net worth questions included real
estate, business ownership, pensions, stocks, bonds, checking and savings
account, and all other sources. Income and
net worth was dichotomized at $10,000 or less to minimize impact of missing
values. |
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Other populations used: |
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Economic
Adequacy Scale Lobo, M.,
(1996). The Economic Adequacy Measure. Unpublished manuscript. |
Measures the
degree to which respondents perceive their resources are adequate to meet
their economic needs. |
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Self-report. |
Possible
range of scores is 8 to 32. |
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Disability populations used: |
Stuifbergen,
Seraphine, and Roberts (2000) have used this scale in a sample of persons
with multiple sclerosis in a study titled Health Promotion and Quality of
Life in Chronic Illness. Roberts and Stuifbergen (1998) also used this scale
in a sample of 936 participants with multiple sclerosis. They report an alpha
coefficient of 0.94, and a range in scores from 8 to 32. Roberts, G.,
& Stuifbergen, A.K., (1998). Health appraisal models in multiple
sclerosis. Social Science in Medicine, 47 (2), 243-253. Stuifbergen,
A., Seraphine, A., & Roberts, G., (2000). An explanatory model of health
promotion and quality of life in chronic illness. Nursing Research, 49
(3), 122-129. |
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Assistive technology
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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Changes in
Use of Assistive Technology |
Assesses
changes in the use of mobility devices and other assistive
technology;/durable medical equipment. |
Change in use of
mobility devices (7 items) Change in use of
other assistive technology (5 items) |
Reference
period and current time of measurement. Self-report. |
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Disability populations used: |
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Employment
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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Health and
Retirement Survey |
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2-parts: 1 question asks
“currently working for pay”; second part assesses physical demands (physical
effort, lifting heavy loads, stooping kneeling, or crouching). |
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2-parts: 1 question
asks “currently working for pay”; second part assesses physical demands using
three statements, a four-point Likert scale, and a nine-point score. |
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Other populations used: |
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Employment
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Self-report,
present or current status. |
Dichotomous
variable (0=not employed, 1= employed). |
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Disability populations used: |
This
measure was used by Stuifbergen and Becker (1994) in a sample of 117 people
with disabilities. Stuifbergen,
A.K., and Becker, H.A., (1994). Predictors of health promoting lifestyles in
persons with disabilities. Research in Nursing and Health, 17, 3-13. |
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Access to Health Care
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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Disability populations used: |
Becker,
Stuifbergen, and Tinkle (1997) describe a semi-structured interview which
asks women with MS about their reproductive health care experiences,
including access to information and services. in Archives of Phys Medicine
and Rehabilitation, 78, S26-S33. |
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Lack of Services or Support
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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Current Unmet
Need for Services and Support. |
Assesses
total number of unmet needs for services and support. |
1) informal support from family and
friends 2) doctor/health care services 3) health insurance 4) assistive technology or home
modifications 5) help with ADLs or IADLs 6) financial assistance |
Self-report,
current timing. |
Dichotomous
variable (yes=1), summated scores. |
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Disability populations used: |
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See also II. Psychosocial
Measures, Social Support.
Service Organizations
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Instrument Name and Original
Reference |
Instrument Description &
Construct Measured |
Dimensions/ subscales |
Indicator (Timing + Source of
Data) |
Variables (Number of Items, Scale,
& Range) |
Test Population |
Instrument Reliability |
Psychometric Review of Instrument
Validity |
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CIL
support Described
in: Balcazar, Y.S., Seekins, T., Paine, A., et al., (1989). Self-help and
social support groups for people with disabilities: A descriptive report. Rehabilitation
Counseling Bulletin, 33 (2), 151-158. |
Instrument
developed to measure how much support CILs provide to their consumers.
Questionnaire inquires about how many support groups have been operated or sponsored,
how many other groups are available in the community, and the number of
consumers referred to support groups, and the goals of the support groups. |
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Number of
consumers referred to support groups in past month, self-report. |
8-items |
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Other populations used: |
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